CREATE TABLE Account (
  ID PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
  type NOT NULL,
  altId NOT NULL, -- e.g. when type "member", no. in external member table 
  IBAN -- target account for returned payments (set '' to enable
       -- outgoing bank transfers to commercial partners from that account).
);
CREATE TABLE Debit (
  billId PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
  debtor NOT NULL, -- Account charged
  targetCredit INTEGER, -- record id in Credit table to pay into.
                   -- just understand it as virtual payment
                   -- NULL when debit is a bank transfer from the club account
  date DATE NOT NULL,
  purpose NOT NULL, -- description of receipt
  value INTEGER NOT NULL, -- Euro-Cent
  paid INTEGER DEFAULT 0, -- Euro-Cent, set and changed automatically (Cache)
  FOREIGN KEY (debtor) REFERENCES Account(ID),
  FOREIGN KEY (targetCredit) REFERENCES Credit(credId)
);
CREATE TABLE Credit (
  credId INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
  account NOT NULL, -- Account des Begünstigten
  date DATE NOT NULL,
  purpose NOT NULL, -- as originally indicated in statement of bank account
  value INTEGER NOT NULL, -- Euro-Cent. Caution, two distinct cases need to be considered:
                         --  Either deposit by bank transfer (>0) or target of internal payments (=0)
  spent INTEGER DEFAULT 0, -- Euro-Cent, set and changed automatically (Cache)
                           -- for later traceability, necessary when revoking transfers
  FOREIGN KEY (account) REFERENCES Account(ID)
);

-- Which credit pays/paid down which debt is recorded traceably so as to clarify any case of reminder,
-- without ambuiguity about, which debt is actually due yet, or to clarify which transfer is used for
-- which debts. The user specifies which credit is intended for which debt, in accordance with the
-- purpose if any is indicated in a received bank transfer. Following triggers verify this relation
-- and mark a debit as paid and/or a credit as paid.
-- Debits to which applies value > paid are meant to be suggested for assignment to newly inserted
-- credit records without indicated purpose. Likewise, credits without indicated purpose to which
-- applies value > spent are candidates for payment of newly inserted debts.
CREATE TABLE Transfer (
  timestamp DATE DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  billId INTEGER NOT NULL,
  credId INTEGER NOT NULL, 
  amount INTEGER, -- for later traceability, necessary when revoking transfers
  note,
  FOREIGN KEY (billId) REFERENCES Debit(billId),
  FOREIGN KEY (credId) REFERENCES Credit(credId),
  UNIQUE (billId, credId)
);

-- For internal purposes: Memory of rebalance triggers
CREATE TABLE __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory (d, c, m);

-- Only for use of HTTP interface
CREATE TABLE web_auth ( user_id primary key, password, grade not null, username, email );

CREATE TRIGGER balanceTransfer
     AFTER INSERT ON Transfer 
BEGIN

  SELECT RAISE(FAIL, "It is not the debtor who is set to pay")
    WHERE (SELECT debtor FROM Debit WHERE billId=NEW.billId)
       != (SELECT account FROM Credit WHERE credId=NEW.credId)
    ;

  SELECT RAISE(FAIL, "Target of a debit cannot be an incoming payment")
  FROM Credit c
    JOIN Debit d ON c.credId = d.targetCredit
  WHERE c.credId = NEW.credId
    AND c.value > 0
  GROUP BY c.credId
    HAVING count(d.billId) == 0
  ;

  INSERT INTO __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory
     SELECT remainingDebt, remainingCredit, min(remainingDebt,remainingCredit) 
     FROM (SELECT
         (SELECT value - paid FROM Debit WHERE billId=NEW.billId) AS remainingDebt, 
         (SELECT value - spent FROM Credit WHERE credId=NEW.credId) AS remainingCredit
     )
  ;

  UPDATE Debit
      SET paid = paid + CASE
        WHEN (SELECT d FROM __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory) <= 0
          THEN RAISE(FAIL, "Debt settled")
        ELSE
          (SELECT m FROM __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory)
      END
      WHERE billId=NEW.billId;

  UPDATE Credit
      SET spent = spent + CASE
        WHEN (SELECT c FROM __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory) <= 0
          THEN RAISE(FAIL, "Credit spent")
        ELSE IFNULL(
          (SELECT m FROM __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory),
          RAISE(FAIL,"Oops, lost __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory record before increasing spent")
        )
      END
      WHERE credId=NEW.credId;

  UPDATE Transfer
      SET amount = (SELECT m FROM __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory)
      WHERE billId=NEW.billId AND credId=NEW.credId
        ;

  UPDATE Credit
      SET value = value + IFNULL(
          (SELECT m FROM __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory),
          RAISE(FAIL, "Oops, lost __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory record before increasing value")
      )
      WHERE credId = (
          SELECT targetCredit
          FROM Debit
          WHERE billId=NEW.billId
      );

  DELETE FROM __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory;

END;

CREATE TRIGGER revokeTransfer
    BEFORE DELETE ON Transfer
BEGIN

  INSERT INTO __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory VALUES (null,null,OLD.amount);

  UPDATE Debit
      SET paid = paid - OLD.amount
      WHERE billId=OLD.billId
      ;

  UPDATE Credit
      SET value = value - OLD.amount
      WHERE credId = (
          SELECT targetCredit
          FROM Debit
          WHERE billId=OLD.billId
      );

  UPDATE Credit
      SET spent = spent - OLD.amount
      WHERE credId = OLD.credId;

  DELETE FROM __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory;

END;

CREATE TRIGGER enforceImmutableTransfer
    BEFORE UPDATE ON Transfer
    WHEN OLD.amount IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
    SELECT RAISE(FAIL, "Transfer cannot be updated, but needs to be replaced to make triggers run");
END;

CREATE TRIGGER enforceZeroPaidAtStart
    BEFORE INSERT ON Debit
BEGIN
    SELECT RAISE(FAIL, "Debt must be initially unpaid")
    WHERE NEW.paid <> 0;
END;

-- Prevent modification of paid value outside triggers which must adjust it exclusively
-- when new transfer records are inserted
CREATE TRIGGER enforceDebtImmutableOutsideTrigger
    BEFORE UPDATE OF paid ON Debit
    WHEN NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM Transfer t WHERE NEW.billId=t.billId AND amount IS NULL)
BEGIN
    SELECT RAISE(FAIL, "paid is set and adjusted automatically according to added Transfer records")
    WHERE (NEW.paid + IFNULL(
            (SELECT m FROM __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory WHERE c IS NULL AND d IS NULL), 0
        ) ) <> OLD.paid;
END;

-- When a transfer is revoked, the targetCredit of the associated bill is reduced. Hence we must
-- check if we can still have paid the debts linked to this transfer in an "is paid from" relation,
-- otherwise we have to revoke these transfers as well.
CREATE TRIGGER rebalanceReducedCredit
    AFTER UPDATE OF value ON Credit
WHEN NEW.value < OLD.spent
BEGIN

    REPLACE INTO __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory (d, m)
    SELECT
        'from_' || NEW.credId,
        billId 
    FROM Transfer
    WHERE credId = NEW.credId
    ORDER BY timestamp DESC
    LIMIT 1
    ;

    DELETE
    FROM Transfer
    WHERE credId = NEW.credId
      AND billId IN (
        SELECT billId
        FROM __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory
        WHERE c = 'from_' || NEW.credId
      )
    ;

    INSERT INTO Transfer (credId, billId)
        SELECT NEW.credId, m
        FROM __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory
        WHERE d = 'from_' || NEW.credId
          AND NEW.value > (
              SELECT spent
              FROM Credit
              WHERE credId = NEW.credId
          )
    ;

    DELETE FROM __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory WHERE d = 'from_' || NEW.credId;

END;

-- When we enter a transfer, the targetCredit of the associated bill might already be the credId
-- of a transfer for other dues itself. We can update (replace) the transfer for an unfullfilled one.
-- That way, a transfer may issue recursively chained transfers.
CREATE TRIGGER rebalanceIncreasedCredit
    AFTER UPDATE OF value ON Credit
WHEN NEW.value > OLD.spent
BEGIN

    REPLACE INTO Transfer (credId, billId)
        SELECT OLD.credId, t.billId
        FROM Transfer t
          JOIN CurrentArrears ca ON t.billId = ca.billId
        WHERE OLD.credId = t.credId
    ;

END;

CREATE TRIGGER enforceFixedDebit
    BEFORE UPDATE OF debtor, transferCredit, value ON Debit
    WHEN EXISTS (SELECT * FROM Transfer WHERE billId=NEW.billId)
BEGIN
    SELECT RAISE(FAIL, "Debt is involved in transfers to revoke at first");
END;

CREATE TRIGGER enforceZeroSpentAtStart
    BEFORE INSERT ON Credit
BEGIN
    SELECT RAISE(FAIL, "credit must be initially unused")
    WHERE NEW.spent != 0;
END;

-- Prevent modification of spent value outside triggers which must adjust it exclusively
-- when new transfer records are inserted
CREATE TRIGGER enforceSpentImmutableOutsideTrigger
    BEFORE UPDATE OF spent ON Credit
    WHEN NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM Transfer t WHERE NEW.credId=t.credId AND amount IS NULL)
BEGIN
    SELECT RAISE(FAIL, "spent is set and adjusted automatically according to added Transfer records")
    WHERE (NEW.spent + IFNULL(
            (SELECT m FROM __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory WHERE c IS NULL AND d IS NULL), 0
        ) ) <> OLD.spent;
END;

CREATE TRIGGER enforceFixedCredit
    BEFORE UPDATE OF account, value ON Credit
    WHEN EXISTS (SELECT * FROM Transfer WHERE credId=NEW.credId)
     AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM __DO_NOT_MANIPULATE__trigger_memory)
BEGIN
    SELECT RAISE(FAIL, "Credit involved in transactions to revoke at first");
END;

CREATE TRIGGER checkIBANatTransfer
    BEFORE INSERT ON Debit
    WHEN NEW.targetCredit IS NULL
BEGIN
   SELECT RAISE(FAIL, "IBAN used does not match IBAN currently stored in account record")
   FROM (
      SELECT instr(NEW.purpose, IBAN) AS fnd
      FROM Account
      WHERE ID=NEW.debtor
   ) AS matchingIBAN
   WHERE fnd IS NULL OR fnd = 0;
END;

CREATE VIEW CurrentArrears AS
    SELECT billId,
           debtor,
           targetCredit,
           purpose,
           date,
           value - paid AS difference
    FROM Debit
    WHERE value != paid
;
      
CREATE VIEW AvailableCredits AS
    SELECT credId, account, purpose, date,
           value - spent AS difference
    FROM Credit
    WHERE value != spent
;
      

-- Log of internal transfers
CREATE VIEW History AS
  -- internal transfers with account as source
  SELECT DATE(timestamp) AS date,
         d.purpose       AS purpose,
         d.debtor        AS account,
         t.credId        AS credId,
         t.amount        AS debit,
         NULL            AS credit,
         d.targetCredit  AS contra,
         d.billId        AS billId,
         t.note          AS note
  FROM Transfer t
    LEFT JOIN Debit  AS d ON d.billId = t.billId
  -- internal transfers with account as target
  UNION
  SELECT DATE(timestamp) AS date,
         d.purpose       AS purpose,
         c.account       AS account,
         d.targetCredit  AS credId,
         NULL            AS debit,
         t.amount        AS credit,
         t.credId        AS contra,
         d.billId        AS billId,
         t.note          AS note
  FROM Transfer t
    LEFT JOIN Debit  AS d ON d.billId = t.billId
    LEFT JOIN Credit AS c ON c.credId = d.targetCredit
  ORDER BY date ASC
;

CREATE VIEW Balance AS
  SELECT Account.ID             AS ID,
      IFNULL(ac.allCredits,0)   AS available,
      IFNULL(hi.credit,0)       AS earned,
      IFNULL(hi.debit,0)        AS spent,
      IFNULL(pr.allPromises, 0) AS promised,
      IFNULL(ca.allArrears, 0)  AS arrears,
      even.until                AS even_until
  FROM Account
     LEFT OUTER JOIN (
         SELECT debtor, sum(difference) AS allArrears
         FROM CurrentArrears
         GROUP BY debtor
     )                          AS ca ON Account.ID=ca.debtor
     LEFT OUTER JOIN (
         SELECT account, sum(difference) AS allCredits
         FROM AvailableCredits
         GROUP BY account
     )                          AS ac ON Account.ID=ac.account
     LEFT OUTER JOIN (
         SELECT a.ID AS ID, sum(difference) AS allPromises
         FROM CurrentArrears ca
             JOIN Credit c ON ca.targetCredit = c.credId
             JOIN Account a ON a.ID = c.account
         GROUP BY a.ID
     )                          AS pr ON Account.ID=pr.ID
     LEFT OUTER JOIN (
         SELECT account,
                sum(credit) AS credit,
                sum(debit) AS debit
         FROM History
         GROUP BY account
     )                          AS hi ON Account.ID=hi.account
     LEFT OUTER JOIN (
         SELECT d.debtor     AS account,
                max(d.date)  AS until
         FROM Debit d
             LEFT OUTER JOIN CurrentArrears ca ON d.debtor = ca.debtor
         GROUP BY d.debtor, ca.debtor
         HAVING COUNT(
             -- Restricts the counting to the settled debts:
             CASE d.value WHEN d.paid THEN 1 ELSE NULL END
           ) -- Considers that there might be no current arrears:
           AND d.date <= IFNULL( min(ca.date), '9999-99-99' )
     )                          AS even ON Account.ID=even.account
  ;

CREATE VIEW ReconstructedBankStatement AS
  SELECT c.date    AS date,
         c.purpose AS purpose,
         account,
         c.value   AS credit,
         NULL      AS debit
  FROM Credit AS c
    LEFT OUTER JOIN Debit AS d ON c.credId = d.targetCredit
  GROUP BY c.credId
    HAVING count(d.billId) == 0 -- exclude internal transfers
  UNION
  SELECT date,
         purpose,
         debtor     AS account,
         NULL       AS credit,
         value      AS debit
  FROM Debit
  WHERE targetCredit IS NULL    -- exclude internal transfers
  ORDER BY date ASC
;

-- Credits that have not been used yet and any subsequent ones
CREATE VIEW CreditsInFocus AS
  SELECT account, date, credId, value, purpose
  FROM Credit
  WHERE value > spent
  UNION
  SELECT c.account, date, credId, value, purpose
  FROM Credit c
    JOIN Balance b ON b.ID = c.account
  WHERE c.date >= b.even_until
  GROUP BY c.credId
;

-- Report view may be of use in communication with club members who are due
-- of outstanding fees, listing what they have paid and what is yet to pay.
CREATE VIEW Report AS
  SELECT *
  FROM (
    SELECT account, date, credId, value, purpose        -- relevant incomes
    FROM CreditsInFocus
    UNION
    SELECT debtor        AS account,                    -- partial payments
           DATE(t.timestamp)
                         AS date,
           t.credId      AS credId,
           t.amount * -1 AS value,
           d.purpose || ' [' || d.billId || ']'
             || CASE WHEN t.note IS NULL
                  THEN ''
                  ELSE ( x'0a' || '(' || t.note || ')' )
                END
                         AS purpose
    FROM Debit d
      JOIN Transfer t ON t.billId = d.billId
      JOIN CreditsInFocus fc ON fc.credId=t.credId
    UNION
    SELECT debtor          AS account,                  -- current arrears
           date,
           NULL            AS credId,
           difference * -1 AS value,
           purpose || ' [' || billId || ']'
                   || x'0a' || '(YET TO PAY)'
    FROM CurrentArrears
  )
  ORDER BY account, credId IS NULL, credId,
    value < 0, date ASC
;